Let us see IMMUNE SYSTEM OF OUR BODY-HOW IT WORKS ? Immunity is our body’s defense mechanism, which protects us from external pathogens. Everyone has his own level of immunity. Its level varies in children, adults, and aging people. It can only be optimized to its maximum level but can’t be boosted. Only external vaccination can boost the immunity level.
Let us explore what constitutes the immune system in our body. Starting from the neck, tonsils, and adenoid in the throat comes as the first oro-pharyngeal defense. Whenever infection reaches the mouth or sinuses, they become activated in the form of sneezing coughing, and copious mucous formation- a sort of inflammatory response of the body. Then there are thymus glands in the neck, more prominent in children, which gradually shrink as one grows older. Then Spleen, Appendix, and Peyers patches are part of the immune system.
Roll of Bone marrow and Lymph glands are very crucial for immunity.
DEFENSE BARRIERS CREATED BY INNATE IMMUNITY 1-Skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense barrier. 2-The second line of defense is body temperature and pH level in the stomach. 3-Then comes Phagocytic barriers, which means eating up the pathogens and digesting them totally. This action is performed by the Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. by Natural Killer cells attack and destroy the pathogens. 4- The line of defense is Inflammatory Barriers – It appears in the form of congestion and increased temperature. specific type B cells, T cells, and WBC cells. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY – It is divided into A- Natural Adaptive immunity and B- Artificial adaptive immunity. In natural form, passive immunity is gained by mothers, by inheritance, or through breastfeeding. Active immunity is gained by antibodies present in the body due to previous episodes of infection. ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY -As by in covid vaccination or any other vaccinations by direct transfer of the antibodies from the serum of an already infected patient or by Active immunization schedules to produce antibodies in due course. Finally, booster doses are given to complete its schedule. SPECIFIC IMMUNITY CELLS- derive their origin from bone marrow. 1- Cells of myeloid origin-. They are Neutrophils, Monocytes eosinophils basophils, and platelets. 2-Cells originating from Lymphocytes are T lymphocytes B lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells-NK.
PHAGOCYTOSIS –is the most important phenomenon by which Bacteria, viruses, and other foreign pathogens are engulfed by the Macrophages, Neutrophils, or Dendritic cells. These cells either digest it or destroy it by self-death known as apoptosis.
ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY -As in COVID-19 vaccination or any other vaccinations. It is done by either direct transfer of the antibodies from the serum of an already infected patient or by Active immunization schedules to produce antibodies in due course. Finally, booster doses are given to complete its schedule. Satish Tripathi sctri48
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